Violence surrounding Mozambique’s October 2024 election resulted in 300 deaths and 13,000 fleeing to Malawi. Officials are working on repatriation, but concerns over safety and economic instability in Mozambique remain. Historical refugee experiences in Malawi could inform future actions as repatriation efforts progress amidst ongoing challenges.
The recent political turmoil surrounding Mozambique’s disputed election in October 2024 has led to significant violence, resulting in approximately 300 fatalities. Consequently, around 13,000 Mozambicans sought refuge in Malawi, prompting officials from both nations to initiate a drive aimed at repatriating those affected by the unrest.
The election saw Daniel Chapo from the ruling Frelimo party succeed outgoing President Filipe Nyusi due to constitutional term limits. Opposition leader Venancio Mondlane accused the government of electoral fraud, igniting widespread protests. The situation escalated further when the Constitutional Council confirmed Chapo’s victory, intensifying the protests across the nation.
Many of the refugees settled in Malawi’s Nsanje district, which borders Mozambique. As clashes erupted between security forces and protesters in cities, individuals fled Mozambique on foot, by boat, or via road, facing perilous journeys across rivers infested with crocodiles and hippos. Upon arrival, they struggled with severe shortages of essential supplies, such as food and medicine, in camps situated near small villages.
Malawi, already home to over 50,000 refugees from various African nations, faces its challenges, such as poor harvests attributed to El Niño. With the onset of the rainy season, there is an increased risk of diseases, notably cholera and malaria.
Moses Mukandawire, a human rights advocate, remarked on Malawi’s historical experience with Mozambican refugees, particularly during the civil war from 1977 to 1992. He emphasized the importance of peace in Mozambique as a prerequisite for the safe return of refugees: “The most important thing is to ensure that we have peace in Mozambique.” Mukandawire stressed that voluntary repatriation is essential for refugees, as lingering in Malawi could deprive them of opportunities to care for their agricultural needs back home.
Despite assurances from the Mozambican government regarding refugee safety upon their return, many individuals face uncertainty. Mukandawire noted, “Honestly, unless somebody goes there and assures them that there is relative peace back home, they won’t go.” In addition to violence, some returnees have lost property, livestock, and family members, contributing to their hesitance to return.
Economic instability also plagues Mozambique following the post-election violence. Economist Teresa Boene stated that restoring economic stability is crucial: “There is a need to restore economic stability, and to restore or create a favorable business environment.” Reports suggest that businesses have suffered extensively, with estimates indicating 1,000 closures due to vandalism. Aldemiro Eduardo, a Maputo business owner, noted, “We’ve had around 40% of our infrastructure destroyed by vandalism.” The overall impact on the economy may require months to recover, with significant losses incurred across multiple sectors.
In summary, the political crisis in Mozambique has led to violent unrest, forcing thousands of citizens to seek refuge in Malawi. While repatriation efforts are ongoing, socio-economic challenges persist both in Mozambique and Malawi. The path to recovery for Mozambique, hinging on the restoration of safety and economic stability, remains fraught with uncertainty. The return of refugees will largely depend on credible assurances of peace and security in their home country.
Original Source: www.dw.com
